Wadi Al Helo

Discover the Historic Beauty of Wadi Al Helo

Wadi Al Helo, translating to "sweet" in Arabic, is known for its rich water sources and fertile land. This scenic valley in the UAE is renowned for its archaeological sites and a restored Islamic watchtower.

Seasonal Water Flow and Agriculture

Although the riverbed of Wadi Al Helo is usually dry, it transforms into a torrential river during the rainy season. Nestled within surrounding mountains, the valley’s water flows down the slopes, supporting various agricultural activities.

Ancient Water Wells

The upper parts of Wadi Al Helo are dotted with old wells, indicating a once high phreatic water level of about 10 to 12 meters below ground. Despite recent declines due to climate conditions and overuse, some deep wells still yield significant water supplies.

Copper Smelting in the Neolithic Period

Archaeological evidence shows copper smelting activities in Wadi Al Helo dating back to the transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age, during the Umm an-Nar period. This makes it the earliest known site for metallurgy in southeastern Arabia. The site, located on an ancient wadi terrace, used abundant local vegetation and trees for charcoal, essential for metal production.

The Mysterious Watchtower

North of the Islamic watchtower lies a round stone structure with four quadrants, initially resembling a prehistoric grave. However, excavations revealed it to be a watchtower from the Umm an-Nar period, similar to those found in the Omani Mountains.

Islamic Period Watchtower and Settlement

During the Islamic period, the area was extensively settled, as indicated by numerous stone structures and a graveyard near the watchtower. An additional tower was constructed during this period, featuring elevated entrances and a design optimized for defense against gunfire from the surrounding slopes.

Historical Wealth and Influence

Features from the Islamic period, including sheds, stables, and two-story buildings built from wadi pebbles and plastered with clay, indicate the wealth and influence of Wadi Al Helo's former residents. The remains of fortified walls, watchtowers, and lookouts suggest a prosperous agricultural community in the 19th century, with continued use into the 20th century.